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A read-once formula is a boolean formula in which each variable occurs at most once. Such formulas are also called mu-formulas or boolean trees. This paper treats the problem of exactly identifying an unknown read-once formula using specific kinds of queries.

The main results are a polynomial time algorithm for exact identification of monotone read-once formulas using only membership queries, and a polynomial time algorithm for exact identification of general read-once formulas using equivalence and membership queries (a protocol based on the notion of a minimally adequate teacher). Our results improve on Valiant's previous results for read-once formulas. We also show that no polynomial time algorithm using only membership queries or only equivalence queries can exactly identify all read-once formulas.

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